Shariah in secular legal system : the problem of parallel justice

The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the strengthening of the Islamic factor in social relations at the beginning of the 21st century and by the emergence of relatively large Muslim communities in the countries with a predominantly non-Islamic culture. The purpose of the article is to analyze the conflict moments arising from the coexistence of state legislation and Shariah norms in one territory. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the method of comparative law and the method of case study. The first method makes it possible to compare existing differences between the laws of a state and religious norms, the second one allows to reveal the strategies of public relation participant behavior and to analyze specific conflict situations between the law of a state and religious rules of conduct. The main results of the article include the study of "Shariah courts" phenomenon on the territory of non-Muslim secular states, the reasons of their occurrence, the current practices and possible consequences of their activities. Attention is paid to the Shariah Councils in the Islamic banking system and the issue of official Sharia courts existence in Greece. The materials of the article can be useful for lawyers, anthropologists, religious scholars, historians in the study of a "parallel justice" problem in modern countries.peer-reviewe

The problem of Shariah norms functioning in the legal system of a modern secular state

The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the strengthening of the Islamic factor in social relations at the beginning of the 21st century and the emergence of relatively large Muslim communities in the countries with a predominantly non-Islamic culture. The purpose of the article is to analyze the conflict moments arising from the coexistence of state legislation and Shariah norms in one territory. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the method of comparative law and the method of case studies. The first method makes it possible to compare the existing differences between the laws of a state and religious norms, the second one makes it possible to reveal the strategies of participant behavior in public relations and to analyze specific conflict situations between a state law and religious rules of conduct. The article deals with the issues of terminology, the problems of law and religion combination in the sphere of family, inheritance and criminal law, and the data on sociological research are given. The main results of the article include the identification of individual conflict situations, using the problem of polygamy, domestic violence, harm to health as an example. The materials of the article can be useful for lawyers, anthropologists, religious scholars, historians in the study of religious norms andpeer-reviewe

Economic and social aspects in the Republic of Tatarstan

The urgency of the problem under study is conditioned by the need to study the state of interethnic and interreligious relations in polyethnic and poly-confessional regions of Russian Federation. The aim of the article is to analyze the situation in the sphere of interethnic and interreligious relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2016. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the poly-paradigm methodology. The article gives the description of interethnic and interconfessional relations in the Republic of Tatarstan in 2014-2016, the comparative data on the largest cities of the republic are given. A particular attention is paid to the analysis of migrant perception peculiarities by the local population. The materials of the article can be useful for ethnologists, social and cultural anthropologists, political scientists, as well as for the representatives of the bodies and structures responsible for the issues of interethnic interaction.peer-reviewe

Readiness of Higher Education Institutions Faculty Staff to Work in Inclusive Groups

Inclusive education is regarded as a valuable resource for the development of Russian society. Teachers play a distinctive role in its implementation. The study of this role is based on the principles of structural and functional and systemic approaches, as well as the sociology of education, the sociology of culture, pedagogy, psychology, and the monitoring of inclusive education. The empirical basis of the research was formed by the materials of a quantitative, representative sample and sociological study of the readiness of teachers of higher education institutions to work in inclusive groups, in which students with disabilities are studying. A total of 777 teachers from 23 universities in Sverdlovsk, Chelyabinsk, and Kurgan regions were interviewed in November 2019. The analysis showed that most teachers of higher education institutions support the idea of inclusive education, as well as are ready to work in inclusive groups and have a need for professional training on inclusive higher education. The overwhelming majority of teachers of higher education institutions in the region do not experience any particular psychological difficulties and methodological challenges in working with streams and groups with students with disabilities. Teachers with longstanding teaching experience, associate professors, professors, and people with good knowledge of inclusive education express a greater interest in working with inclusive groups. At the same time, a significant number of teachers of higher education institutions in the region do not support the idea of teaching people with disabilities in inclusive groups. Some teachers are not familiar with or lack knowledge in the concept of inclusive higher education, and they also point to psychological and methodological problems when working in inclusive groups, which is particularly characteristic of young teachers and those who have not taken advanced training on inclusive education. In order to increase the role and responsibility of the teaching staff in inclusive education, it is recommended to continue monitoring it by reaching out to every inclusive group, student, and teacher. Keywords: inclusive higher education, monitoring studies, teacher, student, people with disabilitie

On deep speaker embeddings for text-independent speaker recognition

We investigate deep neural network performance in the textindependent speaker recognition task. We demonstrate that using angular softmax activation at the last classification layer of a classification neural network instead of a simple softmax activation allows to train a more generalized discriminative speaker embedding extractor. Cosine similarity is an effective metric for speaker verification in this embedding space. We also address the problem of choosing an architecture for the extractor. We found that deep networks with residual frame level connections outperform wide but relatively shallow architectures. This paper also proposes several improvements for previous DNN-based extractor systems to increase the speaker recognition accuracy. We show that the discriminatively trained similarity metric learning approach outperforms the standard LDA-PLDA method as an embedding backend. The results obtained on Speakers in the Wild and NIST SRE 2016 evaluation sets demonstrate robustness of the proposed systems when dealing with close to real-life conditions.Comment: Submitted to Odyssey 201